Heat olive oil in Dutch oven or large stock pot over medium high heat. Add dried herbs, red pepper flakes, fennel seeds, garlic, 1 teaspoon salt, and ½ teaspoon pepper. Sauté until fragrant (about 1 minute).
Add ground beef and sauté until it begins to brown, breaking beef up into small pieces with a wooden spoon.
Add onions, green pepper, and carrots to the pot. The meat will still be slightly pink when you add the veggies.
Continue browning ground beef and veggies for about 5-7 minutes, until the onions and peppers start to become tender and beef is beginning to caramelize.
Add canned tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato paste, sugar, ¼ cup grated parmesan, bay leaf, and the remaining ½ teaspoon salt and ¼ teaspoon pepper. Stir to combine.
Simmer covered over low heat for about 4-5 hours, stirring often, until sauce thickens slightly and the flavors combine.